What is commonly used as an adsorbent in hazardous material situations?

Clay is commonly used as an adsorbent in hazardous material situations due to its unique properties that allow it to effectively bind with various contaminants. Clay's fine particles have a high surface area and a natural ability to interact with a wide range of hazardous substances, making it an effective choice for absorbing oils, chemicals, and other hazardous materials. This characteristic enables clay to reduce the mobility of contaminants and assists in their removal from the environment, helping prevent further spread or harm.

In contrast, while sand can absorb some liquids, it does not have the same level of effectiveness or binding capacity as clay when it comes to hazardous materials. Water is not an adsorbent and can actually spread contaminants further if used improperly. Oil, on the other hand, is often a contaminant rather than an adsorbent and would not be suitable for this purpose. Therefore, the properties of clay make it the preferred choice for use in hazardous material situations.